Understanding the causes and the nature of xenophobia in south africa. Reflections, narratives and recommendations hussein solomon university of the free state, republic of south africa hitomi kosaka osaka university, japan and university of the free state abstract xenophobia, simply put, is the fear or. Muslims allowed christians and jews to make pilgrimages to visit jerusalem. By article pdf available in international journal of humanities and social science 88. A critical study of the phenomenon and pragmatic solutions for south africa in the postapartheid period, thousands of refugees, migrant workers and other categories of foreign nationals have been attacked, killed, displaced or deprived of their property in xenophobic attacks throughout south africa. Violence against foreign nationals has grabbed local and international headlines, but stehlik said there are a few other major concerns that need to be addressed holistically in sa. Agricultural industry body agrisa condemned the violence and xenophobic attacks in sa, warning that the violence has a negative impact on the economy. The term is typically used to describe a fear or dislike foreigners or of people significantly different a. Xenophobia xenophobia is the fear of foreigners resulting in violent actions. Governmentcommissioned report says media houses played a role in the deadly 2015 xenophobic attacks in kwazulunatal.
Effects of xenophobic attacks on the economic development. Xenophobia is an anxiety disorder in which meeting strangers or foreigners causes extreme reactions of fear. Xenophobia will cause incredible damage to economy fin24. Skilled migrants come into the country and contribute to the working force negative effects 1. Psychological causes and consequences of racism, racial. Xenophobia has to do with contemptuous of that which is foreign, especially of strangers or of people from different countries or cultures.
Jul 15, 2017 20170715 xenophobic attacks is one of the many threats to the security of the world, and so, a desperate need by all to help get measures to put in place so as to help reduce or get rid of it. Xenophobia is the abnormal fear or envy or hatred of foreignersstrangers in a country by the citizens living in that country. Xenophobia is experienced in the north and the south, in the southern african development community sadc regions and other countries. An analysis of the causes, effects and ramifications of xenophobia in south africa mamokhosi choane, lukong stella shulika, and mandla mthombeni insight on africa 2011 3. Perhaps not to the individual, but to his relatives, his troop, his genes. With the many differences and struggles that are faced in the world, it is almost inevitable to go throughout life without passing judgment on another. It does not, however, provide guidance or indicators for assessing the root causes. Report on racism and xenophobia in the member states of. He said the energy, healthcare, education, water and security sectors are in crisis and need urgent attention.
Understanding the causes and the nature of xenophobia in. As we evolved the most dangerous animal a human could encounter was an unfamiliar human. The term xenophobia comes from the greek words xenos, meaning foreigner, stranger, and phobos, meaning fear. For instance, people are afraid that their roles in jobs may be replaced by people from other countries. This is misleading, because xenophobia in south africa is not restricted to a fear or dislike of foreigners. Pdf an analysis of the causes, effects and ramifications of. Xenophobia is a severe aversion to foreigners, strangers, their politics and cultures. Xenophobia is a broad notion, associated with a variety of meanings. The continue of migration of zimbabweans into south africa leads to xenophobia towards zimbabweans 2. For example, racial discrimination affects people suffered from ethnic discrimination, leading to. What caused the xenophobic attacks in south africa.
The south african institute of race relations this morning described the wave of violence that has gripped johannesburg and surrounding areas for the past week as a direct response to policy failures on the part of thabo mbekis government. What causes the rise of xenophobia in south africa. One of the reasons for xenophobia is the large competition for a good job. Causes and effects of xenophobia, the strange fear of. Pdf on jul 1, 2011, lukong stella shulika and others published an analysis of the causes, effects and ramifications of xenophobia in south africa find, read and cite all the research you need. Although there are no appropriate records, the south african bigotry. Interconnection of two different yet similar cultures globalization 2. Often, the term xenophobia is used interchangeably with racism, yet the two are actually different in that one is much more specific than the other. Psychology of xenophobia and how it affects everyone. The term is typically used to describe a fear or dislike foreigners or of people significantly different a retrospective study of the effects of. According to a 2004 study published by the southern african migration project samp. An analysis of the causes, effects and ramifications of xenophobia in south africa article pdf available in africa insight 32 july 2011 with 14,982 reads how we measure reads.
Xenophobia in south africa a brief summary by alice. The roots of xenophobia lie in the upbringing of a person. There is no unanimity of opinions or reasons for the various xenophobia attacks in south while the first school of thought view the xenophobia attacks as a consequence of increased crimes and criminality being perpetuated by foreigners in south africa, the second school on the contrary attributed the causes to the envy south. The environment led to development of new discrimination exercise on specific victims especially the black foreigner. Children who have a close relative with an anxiety disorder are at risk of developing a phobia. Among the many reasons for the crisis faced by south africa. After 2008, it looked like the issue of xenophobia died down. Yet despite its notoriety, xenophobia in south africa has been one of those. The key findings in this study were, firstly, that the causes for xenophobia were twofold. Xenophobia is neither the fear of xeni, nor of xena. Medically, it can also be considered an adjustment disorder or regarded as related to post traumatic stress disorder. It goes without saying that the community will be looked down upon by others and on a global platform as well.
With south africa, there is always an issue to contend with. What are the effects of xenophobia on foreign nationals. In this article, we explore the various causes of illegal immigration and also look at some of its major effects. It is important to recognize that these hypotheses are not mutually exclusive, but rather offer different levels of explanation for xenophobia within contemporary south africa. K green writing 2 xenophobia xenophobia can be seen throughout everyday life and throughout the world in several different cultures with the many differences and struggles that are faced in the world, it is almost inevitable to go throughout life without passing judgment on another.
Then in may 2008, xenophobia rose up in a new light and took a whole new look, in an uprise that left more than 62 people dead. Abstract the underlying causes of xenophobia are complex and varied. But, in certain cases, the fear is unwarranted and the anger or reactions of. Xenophobia in south africa causes, attacks and history. Here, well check out the causes and negative effects of xenophobia. According to studies, discrimination causes a direct effect on victims behavior. While racism defines prejudice based solely on ethnicity, ancestry or race, xenophobia covers any kind of fear related. An analysis of the causes, effects and ramifications of. Psychology of xenophobia and how it affects everyone betterhelp. Humans, being the most advanced living creatures on earth too are scared and afraid of things.
For example, you may know that it is safe to be out on a balcony in a highrise block, but feel terrified to go out on it or even enjoy the view. Moreover, different types of discrimination have a direct impact on a particular group, and an additional effect on other groups. In extreme and rare cases of xenophobia, a person can display a morbid preoccupation with strangers or foreigners, and might even cause them harm. Another reason for xenophobia is the history of the victim and the person that appears in their mind. The report found many of the underlying tensions between foreigners and locals had roots in the xenophobia violence of 2008, when 62 people including south africans were killed. Apr 24, 2015 xenophobia is one of many problems in sa. Genetic and environmental factors can cause phobias. Causes of xenophobia xenophobia with related symptoms can be caused by an extremely traumatic experience, such as a violent assault by a foreigner, a terrorist attack, or genocide. Sep, 2019 the latest wave of xenophobic attacks is undergirded by the belief foreigners are to blame for south africas social and economic woes. Xenophobia is when people are afraid or hate another race. Causes and effects of illegal immigration earth eclipse. What is the malayalam name of tukmaria or sabja seed or falooda seed.
So in other words, xenophobia was a very crucial part of. Worth noting is the 2008 and the 2009 xenophobic attacks that were perpetrated in various parts of south africa. A report by the human sciences research council identified four broad causes for the violence. Xenophobia in south africa a brief summary by alice wamundiya. Several of the structural causes of xenophobia are laid out, following by context. Unemployment and mounting poverty among south africans at the bottom of the economic ladder have provoked. Some of the causes of xenophobia can be grouped into three hypotheses, namely, the scapegoating hypothesis, the isolation hypotheses, and the bio cultural hypotheses. Its not unique to south africa, and is based usually on ignorance and intolerance for people who are different t. Illegal immigration is the movement of foreign nationals into a country without requisite legal documents or in any way that flouts the destination countrys immigration laws. What is behind south africas xenophobic attacks on. A retrospective study of the effects of xenophobia on south. Report on racism and xenophobia in the member states of the eu. Xenophobia may sound like a groovy disco move, but it is a serious anxiety disorder. The latest wave of xenophobic attacks is undergirded by the belief foreigners are to blame for south africas social and economic woes.
Pdf the effects of xenophobia on south africanigeria. A retrospective study of the effects of xenophobia on. The concept xenophobia is not a new phenomenon and has become a major, worldwide problem especially in this contemporary era. Xenophobia has an adverse effect on the society as well as economy of a region. Bronwyn harris is a former project manager at the centre for the study of violence and reconciliation. Documentation of south africas contemporary structural and human crises follows, as these appear closely related to the xenophobic.
Pdf an analysis of the causes, effects and ramifications. The underlying causes of xenophobia are complex and varied. But, contrary to popular belief, xenophobia in south africa is not just a problem of the poor. In addition, there is a final chapter covering developments and policies at the eu level in combating racism and xenophobia. From apartheid to democracy and now its xenophobic attacks. The year 1994 saw the south african state being oriented into a new nation. This article explores sociological, social psychological, and multicultural research to examine the causes of negative attitudes toward immigrants. In an interview with the department of home affairs spokesperson mayihlome tshwete, south african brand kenneth diole from the south african institute for in. Causes and effects of xenophobia, the strange fear of strangers.
Many political ingredients have been claimed to be causing xenophobic attacks in places like south africa. Other than the trigger, the symptoms for xenophobia are very similar to other anxiety. Violent attacks against migrants have sparked outrage in south africa and protests across the continent if youve been affected by the violence, or have been speaking out, wed like to. A phobia is an extreme form of fear or anxiety triggered by a particular situation such as going outside or object such as spiders, even when there is no danger. Rather, as the following interview extracts reveal, it results in. A person suffering from xenophobia might have symptoms such as anxiety, sweating and increased heart rate and breathing. Rather, its more about kneejerk mistrust, dislike, and hatred for people who arent part of your group. Xenophobia is a dislike andor fear of that which is unknown or different from one. As a result, xenophobic attack is just the attack of such foreigners by the citizens in that country due to the abnormal fear or envy or hatred of them. This has to do with prejudice and slavery, the leading causes of the civil war. Xenophobia has become a more global term rather than a mental health issue. Manifestations of xenophobia are usually triggered by intense dislike or hatred against. Further the research will comprise of an introduction. Xenophobia with related symptoms can be caused by an extremely traumatic experience, such as a violent assault by a foreigner, a terrorist attack, or genocide.
Xenophobia is a dislike and or fear of that which is unknown or different from one. Some, like michael neocosmos, director of global movements research at the university of south africa unisa, recall antimigrant sentiment in the early nineties, when the new government was in the midst of planning new economic policies and politicians of all stripes began drumming up antiimmigrant. Jul, 2012 xenophobia is neither the fear of xeni, nor of xena. Despite a lack of directly comparable data, xenophobia in south africa is perceived to have significantly increased after the election of a black majority government in 1994. The effects of xenophobia on south africanigeria relations. Jun 10, 2015 causes of xenophobia some of the causes of xenophobia can be grouped into three hypotheses, namely, the scapegoating hypothesis, the isolation hypotheses, and the bio cultural hypotheses. Project topic and materials download projects and materials. It is important to recognize that these hypotheses are not mutually exclusive, but rather offer different levels of explanation for xenophobia.
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