If you use or are considering using pycharm as a python editor, its worth taking note of the powerful refactoring capabilities it has. Code refactoring 32 typically seeks to a restructure a software system to facilitate subsequent development activities, while b preserving the behavior of the original software system. Index termsclustering analysis, cohesion, coupling, complex network, software refactoring. Refactoring python applications for simplicity real python.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of refactoring code. And that means it must develop and deploy applications. Class level software refactoring using evolutionary. May 17, 2014 and it has also opened new and broad opportunities for software refactoring. Industrial software systems are typically complex and longlived. Code refactoring is the process of restructuring existing computer codechanging the factoringwithout changing its external behavior. Refactoring is all about making your code more maintainable. Refactoring software packages via community detection in. Weifeng pan phd zhejiang gongshang university, hangzhou.
My research focuses on intelligent software development including software refactoring, software ecosystem, dependency management, software testing, thirdparty libraries, etc. Software systems, as a typical kind of manmade complex systems, can also be studied using complex network theory. Done properly, refactoring allows operators to achieve the key nfv objectives of reducing both complexity and cost. Automatic software refactoring via weighted clustering in method. Then software networks have been divided into different layers, and cf of software networks has been extracted by kcore. Refactoring is intended to improve the design, structure, andor implementation of the software its nonfunctional attributes, while preserving the functionality of the software. If a method is too long, it should be decomposed, using this refactoring technique.
Hu, complex network thinking in software engineering, 2008 international conference on computer science and software engineering 1 2008 pp. The last decade has witnessed the birth of a new movement of interest and research in the study of complex networks. In complex software network research, people find that software networks have a distinct community structure, i. This paper studies the complex network structure of software design networks. Aug 15, 2009 the quality of a software system is largely determined by its internal structures which always degrade over the software evolution. What are the advantages and disadvantages of refactoring. Analyzing software systems structures and their evolution using complex networks. Refactoring is an aspect of extreme programming that enables software developers, designers and architects to breathe new life into old code. Although refactoring does not add features or functionalities in a software system, it is sharp weapon for developers in their maintenance activities. Extraction and analysis of crucial fraction in software networks. State key laboratory of software engineering, wuhan university, wuhan 430072, china. Ieee transactionon software engineering, 2004, 302. Myers also examined software graphs as complex networks but provided a complete treatment of their directed nature as well as introducing a simple model of software evolution based on refactoring processes.
Unfolding software developers dynamics of online collaborative activities. Mar 01, 2015 in complex software network research, people find that software networks have a distinct community structure, i. Measuring software modularity based on software networks. Jan 01, 20 software systems, as a typical kind of manmade complex systems, can also be studied using complex network theory. An example of a refactoring could be extract method figure 1. Authors stefan roock and martin lippert help you to keep your software projects alive and show you how to successfully adapt and improve complex restructurings. Wang et al class level software refactoring using evolutionary algorithms91 sparser connections between groups. Ieee proof 1 automatic software refactoring via weighted 2 clustering in methodlevel networks 3 ying wang, hai yu, zhiliang zhu, member, ieee, wei zhang, and yuli zhao 4 abstractin this study, we describe a systemlevel multiple refactoring algorithm, which can identify the move method, move. We present a study on the refactoring activities performed during the evolution of 7 popular java open source software systems, using a complex network approach. What is refactoring and what is only modifying code. Find a clump of code within the long method that goes well together, create a new method with a. This article provides a motivation for architecture refactoring and discusses a few potential research directions for architecture refactoring.
Potential advantages of refactoring may include improved. Thus, to control these complex software systems, the first task that. Refactoring packages of objectoriented software using. To achieve this we adapt the concept of refactoring to deep neural networks. In a software design network, each node is a class a specific part of a piece of software and each link represents a. In this paper, we introduce the complex network theory into software. Here is an example of using the extract methods command from the command palette.
X instead of x and implementing periodic boundary conditions. Though many refactoring approaches have been proposed, only a few of them are performed at the package. It has grown to more than 50 million loc over the last 25 years. It uses weighted bipartite software networks to represent classes, packages, and their dependencies. In this paper, we present an approach to recondition the class.
They use these to fix larger areas on problematic code that need dedicated attention. Many teams schedule refactoring as part of their planned work, using refactoring stories. Complex software systems are among most sophisticated. Refactoring is the key to success with network function virtualization nfv. Software systems as complex networks cornell university center. Identifying key classes of objectoriented software based. The quality of a software system is largely determined by its internal structures which always degrade over the software evolution. Thus, how to provide a piece of software with high quality has been a. The workload model at the heart of traditional analysis of the single queue becomes a foundation for workload relaxations used in the treatment of complex networks. Until now, complex networks have been applied in many different domains of software engineering, such as software refactoring 10, software element ranking 11, and software testing 12. Refactoring software packages via community detection in complex software networks article in international journal of automation and computing 102 april 20 with 43 reads how we measure reads.
Cloned code is a hint of a missing abstraction in the application software. Extraction and analysis of crucial fraction in software. Furthermore, complex network theories have also been applied to refactor. Software systems can also be represented as complex networks, termed as software network, where software.
In this paper, we present an approach to recondition the class structures of objectoriented oo. Software package refactoring via community detection in bipartite software networks, advances in complex systems acs, world scientific publishing co. Automatic software refactoring via weighted clustering in methodlevel networks ying wang, hai yu, zhiliang zhu, member, ieee, wei zhang, and yuli zhao abstractin this study, we describe a systemlevel multiple refactoring algorithm, which can identify the move method, move. Social networks analysis started to develop in the early 1920s and focuses on relationships among social entities, as communication between members of a group, trades among nations, or economic transactions between corporations. However, with increase in their scale and complexity, we are unable to control their quality since only little is known about their actual internal structure. Class structure refactoring of objectoriented softwares. In recent years, a few researchers introduced the complex network theory to software engineering domain, and used complex networks in. Code refactoring 32 typically seeks to a restructure a software system to facilitate subsequent development activities, while b preserving the behavior of.
Jun 15, 2007 myers also examined software graphs as complex networks but provided a complete treatment of their directed nature as well as introducing a simple model of software evolution based on refactoring processes. A complex networks perspective on collaborative software engineering 3 apart from such modeling approaches, numerous examples of networkbased empirical analyses of software structures exist. Automatic software refactoring via weighted clustering in. Those networks include both those occurring in nature, for example, neuron activity, cellular metabolisms, protein folding and social as software systems become larger and more networks, and those created by people, for example, complex, in order to understand, manage and evolve electricity supply networks, the web. Keshta department of computer engineering king fahd university of petroleum and minerals dhahran, saudi arabia abstractthe objective of software refactoring is to improve the software products quality by improving its performance and understandability. Refactoring a software artifact is an embedded task in the maintenance phase of the software life cycle. Most software systems contain a lot of cloned code our experience is 1020% and im surprised by the php report of smaller numbers in another answer. Software systems are of great importance, whose quality will influence every walk of our life. Apr 25, 2016 this article provides a motivation for architecture refactoring and discusses a few potential research directions for architecture refactoring. Planned refactoring is a necessary element, but also is a sign that the team has not done enough refactoring using the other workflows.
Lyapunov functions and dynamic programming equations lead to the celebrated maxweight policy. I also present a simple model of software system evolution based on refactoring processes which captures some of the salient features of the. However, the existing methods are very complex and resourceconsuming when doing this task. Software package refactoring via community detection. In the cellular communication industry, a chip set may be tailored for different networks and carriers, resulting in a complex feature matrix. Refactoring clustering in java software networks springerlink. I am an associate professor in faculty of software college, northeastern university neu, china.
The reduced benefits of the limited refactoring was deemed not worth the effort by management, and given that similar reliability issues were being found in the hardware platform embedded project, the company decided it was their chance to renew the entire product, with the software written from scratch, new language, objects. Apr 18, 2018 6 ways ai transforms how we develop software. Thats why more companies now are thinking about refactoring when moving to the cloud. Refactoring existing features implementing fitting design patterns. The empirical studies in this paper reveal that software networks represent flat hierarchical structure. Therefore, the structures have to be reconditioned from time to time. And it has also opened new and broad opportunities for software refactoring. Refactoring a software system means to refurbish it internally without interfering with its external properties.
So successful software has to be reconditioned from time to time. Their work opens up an interdisciplinary research between complex networks and software engineering, and many physicslike laws of software networks have been revealed such as scalefree and smallworld 5,6,7,8. Refactoring clarifying and simplifying the design of. A few researchers represented software as complex networks, hereafter referred to as software networks, and carried out a lot of research work myers, 2003. The importance of refactoring when moving to the cloud. Identifying key classes of objectoriented software based on. We find that classes affected by refactorings are more likely to be interlinked than others, forming connected subgraphs. In the words of martin fowler, the father of the code smell notion, refactoring is the process of changing a software system to improve its internal structure without altering. Finally, cf has been measured by the relevant complex network parameters respectively, and the relations between cf and.
In his famous book martin fowler defines refactoring as follows. Practically, the requirements of the software are changing continuously that leads to continuous changes in the software. Thus, to control these complex software systems, the first task that we should do is. It makes a software system easier to understand and cheaper to modify without changing its observable behavior by changing its internal structure. Oct 22, 2014 refactoring entails reorganizing network functions and moving the resulting software components onto generalpurpose nfv infrastructure, while carefully scrutinizing the need to maintain existing protocols. Code refactoring is the process of changing a computer programs internal structure without modifying its external functional behavior or existing functionality, in order to improve internal nonfunctional properties of the software, for example to improve code readability, to simplify code structure, to change code to adhere to a given. Refactoring entails reorganizing network functions and moving the resulting software components onto generalpurpose nfv infrastructure, while carefully scrutinizing the need to maintain existing protocols. The purpose of undertaking a directed network treatment of the software graph is to study how connectivity of the constituent in and out. Using metrics to evaluate software system maintainability. Refactoring is the process of changing a software system in such a way that it does not alter the external behavior of the code yet improves its internal structure.
From the point of view of entropy, software structure changes from chaos to order in the whole production process 9,10. Over a period of time, the software starts becoming complex. To reduce the time and effort required for this task, researchers proposed methods to automate the software refactoring process at the design and code levels. In our primary work, we have proposed to represent objectoriented oo software by complex software networks, and used a community detection technique from complex network theory to refactor software at the class level. Addison wesley, 1990 coleman dm, ash d, lowther b, et al. Pdf refactoring clustering in java software networks. In a software design network, each node is a class a specific part of.
72 215 860 522 437 552 1083 1510 736 785 19 730 930 1123 683 1645 1269 1443 1649 127 903 889 1073 324 1147 1023 1195 1012 521 1450 1266